LERAAZO

Death of Tolstoy

Leo Tostes died of pneumonia at the age of 88 on November 7, 1910, in the Russian village of Astopovo. He left the family home on October 28 at midnight, walking his wife of forty-eight years, a long and growing patience. He wrote in a humorous explanation that he had left her: "I do what the old people of my age often do, leaving this life on earth to spend the last days of his life alone. And be quiet. "

In fact, in “the last days,” there are few. Whatever Tollston's plans were for the future (we can guess about them), they interrupted her as soon as she fell ill on the train and forced them to reach Astapovo, where the station chief had been. Give him a chance to use his home. And of course, loneliness or silence is very small. His death became one of the first international media outlets. Not only are his hundreds of supporters (and emerging government spies) attracted to a small station, but also a group of Pathe Nevs shooters trying to capture the last big man in the film and you Carry information from around the world that always tells a false story to their authors. . A few days before his death, he told the New York Times: "Tollstone is better ... The number is very weak, but doctors say there is no immediate danger." One of the most striking images of the camera is Sonia looking out of the window of a sick man's room. She drove to Astapova as soon as she got sick of his illness, but friends who watched him would not let her go to Tolstoy at the point of death.

This drama at the train station came more than thirty years after Thomas Styles wrote his novel, The War and Peace, which ended in 1869 and Anna Karenina ended in 1877. . Political chaos and ethics and status as a visionary, a reformer, a moralist, and a philosopher than his literary genius. A vegetarian, pacifist and enemy of private property, he was a constant critic of the Russian imperialist regime (hence the spies of the government who massacred the masses in Astapov) and the Russian Orthodox Church in the last decade. The aftermath of his long life. He adhered to the Christian model based entirely on the teachings of Jesus, rejecting the principles of Orthodoxy (hence his expulsion by the church authorities in 1901). And he's a fan of the poor Russian. He started a social security program, including a kitchen and a budget school. In a gesture of solidarity with the poor, he renounced his nobility ("Count" Leviathany) and dressed in casual peasant clothing - though neither the millennial nor the eyewitnesses saw him as a real worker. Sure.

It is reasonable that his last days were noted around the world, because throughout his lifetime, but especially since the late 1870s, death was another of Stevie's. He went through an unusual death and death, even for the man of his day. As a soldier in 1854-55, he witnessed the death of the Crimean War, and he spoke vividly of the tragic death of his brother Dmitri in tuberculosis in 1856 and the terrible appearance - And the voice of one man globalized in Paris in 1857 (experience made him a credible opponent. Interest capitalization). Of his 13 children with Sonia, at least five died 10 years ago. But in his writings he goes through the horrors of death to answer the great question that the inevitability of death poses to our own lives: if we die, what is the meaning of living? ? His most notable reflections on the subject are in "The Death of Ivan Ilich" and in the biography "Confession." Both were written after Tolstoy's execution of Anna Karenina: Noelle began in 1882 and ended in 1886. The memorial was completed in 1882, but was threatened by Russian censorship efforts and was unofficially distributed until the Russian publication in Geneva in 1884. Both of these are powerful reminiscences of Tolstoy's work, which is interesting even when he turns to the great Russian novels. Which made him an important opponent for glory. And to give him back, which he must have had: "Abominations that no longer exist for me," was Anna Karenina's description of the early 1880s.

The death of Ivan Ilyich, as his name is, is about the last few months of a man: a wealthy, successful Russian middle-aged judge. Apparently, minor injuries (it made him fall off a chair, hang a curtain in his new apartment), quickly turn into something bad. Doctors offer diagnoses, medications and assurances, but within a few weeks Ivan Illich may notice he is dying, facing anxiety, humility, isolation, and (Tolstoy's description) the smell. Of his death. For most of his family and colleagues, his death was an embarrassment and an embarrassment. As they usually have life, it is a relief for them not to die alone, but at the same time they are reminded of their death, which was given to them by Death of John Illich. Only a young servant, Graham Sims, with all the peculiar peasant qualities of Thor, could look into the process of dying in the eye and look after his master with true humanity; Behaved shyly by the stool and let the dead man sleep in a position where he could find comfort - with his legs raised, resting on Gerasim's shoulders.

Confession in a completely different style and genre of writing: it's the story from Tolstoy's own spiritual journey, the first from his rejection of his religion as a youth, through the opening of the medieval Orthodox Church to the rejection of His latest on the myths and injustices of established churches (from the Trinity to the Eucharist) using secular teaching. Jesus' own most simple morality. This is seen as evidence of Thomas' spiritual "crisis" following his graduation from Anna Karenina and a pivotal moment in the transition from fiction to politics and philosophy. But it also faces the fear and the inevitability of death. It is in Tolstoy's confession that he talks about his experience of seeing the death penalty in Paris and discussing his predicament about suicide. And he answers some of the most important questions of life and death, underscoring the story of Ivan Ilich: When summed up at one point in his book, "What feels in my life that will never be destroyed. By the death that awaits me inevitably? " "

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The 10 Best Books By Leo Tolstoy

Levi Tolstoy, known as the Russian author of the 19th and 20th centuries as Leo Tolstoy, is considered by many to be one of the greatest novelists of all time. We will look at some of his best works - from the epic novels and stories depicting the Russian society in which he grew up, to the extraordinary stories of his spiritual crisis and further awakening.

Anna Karenina (1887)

The greatest novel ever written by a leading author and screenwriter, Anna Karenina, is a work of 1877 that paints a vivid picture of contemporary Russian society. Tolstoy's first self-proclaimed novel, Anna Carina, tells the story of a Russian woman of the same name who, at first, is interested in social situations, willing to forgo unforgettable marriages due to unlawful love and having Tragic consequences. Another Russian literature author, Foster Dostovsky, described Anakina Rina as a "perfect work of art," so if you are going to read a single Tolstoy novel, this is likely.

War and Peace (1869)

More than 1,000 pages and 580 unique characters (many fictional histories) will forgive you for missing out on war and peace for not being scary if you read it easily. However, this work of Russian literature should not be avoided with ease, for anyone who is in charge of this task is clearly a mammal that needs to be rewarded with a lot of buried treasure in the pages of An epic novel. After the life of the network of Russian families, the Aristocracy during the Napoleonic attacks, war and peace were heavily influenced by scenes of the Battle of Les Minerals by Victor Hugo.

Cruiser Sonata (1889)

Taking its name from Mozart’s musical score of the same name, Soda Tazezer is a controversial and controversial novel that was quickly censored by Russian authorities following its publication in 1889. His wife and his relationship with his music partner, Kerner's son, detail Tollow's understanding of the hypocrisy of a 19th-century marriage agreement. Given the role of music, art, love, and passion in society, as well as the complex and multifaceted relationships between the sexes, these illuminating criticisms should not be missed.

Death of Ivy Lee (1886)

Another of Tolstoy's most famous novels is the death of Ivan Ilich in relation to the subject of death and death, when the Supreme Court justices and the main character, Ilich, first face the inevitable and imminent death. Ivan Ilyich's death, written during the Great Spiritual Crisis in Tolstoy's personal life, reached the level nine years after Anna Karenina's publication. This art novel, which is often intriguing and extremely compelling, also creates a study of Tolstoy's philosophy and the relief of Christianity, the very study that set him apart from the ROC.

Sketch of Sewestello (1855)

Tolstoy's talent as a lieutenant in the artillery battalion during the Crimean War was the basis of these three short stories, his first. The stories - "Sevastopol in December", "Sevastopol in May" and "Sevastopol in August" - are based on Tolsto's experience in the war, and his main purpose was to expose the Russian people to true atrocities. Of war. Many events involving these three sketches are the cause of war and peace, so read it first to dip your toes in the shady water.

Revival (1899)

This novel, by Dmitriene Hodwood's nobility on redemption after the end of 19th-century sin, Tolsto was the last major novel before his death in 1910. Readers will have a complicated relationship with the tortured main character and his desperate attempts at redemption and forgiveness, as Nekhlud's wrong choices and youthful mistakes are often no different from ours. The revival was a daunting display of much foresight of the institution's technology, justice, and hypocrisy while exploring George's economic philosophy - for which Tolstoy became a staunch supporter. All his life.

Cossacks (1863)

Titled "Young," this short film follows a noble man named Dmitry Owen, who, like Tolsto himself, enlisted in the military after being disbanded for a privileged life. Some parts of the biography have their roots in Tolstoy's military experience in the later stages of the Colombian war, but the fiction of Russian nobles falling in love with a Caucasian girl has many parallels with Anna Karenina. Tolsto began writing to Cassius in 1857, ending it only six years later to pay off his debt after a severe loss of mail, but his quick end did not deserve it.

Confession (1882)

On his 50th birthday, Tuy Khoi wrote many famous novels that would secure him a status of great Russian literature, but on a personal level he went through a moral and spiritual crisis. On the eve of his suicide, he promised to find meaning in life in a comprehensive and audio-visual reading of important religious texts. The Biographical Confession is the most honest and honest account of this tumultuous time, and tells of its journey from deep moral crisis to spiritual awakening.

The Kingdom of God Inside (1894)

He said that the Treaty of Tolsto in 1894, published after his deep spiritual crisis and his conversion to high Christianity, understood the important connection between pacifism and religion. It was Tolstoy's unwavering belief in the "return of the other cheek" that the book was banned in Russia, indeed, because its message was recognized as a threat to the Church and the state. . However, this does nothing to lessen the spread of Tolstoy's idea of nonviolent resistance, and the topics explored on the pages of God's Kingdom within you have a significant impact on key figures. Some of the 20th century include Muhammad Kunti and Martin Luther King-Ioung. A.

What i believe (1885)

Tolstoy's play in Confession is one of the few books released after the Great Depression that plagued his fifties. An honest account of one of the most turbulent times of his life. What I believe is a nonfictional literary history of Tolstoy's own interpretation of doctrine and theology. What I believe is not his simplest reading - it is a world away from the oldest works of art and graphics, especially the discontent of the Russian Orthodox Church and the hypocrisy of organized religion in general. Read it to understand the philosophy of one of the greatest novelists of all time.

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Leo Tolstoy

Leo Tosto passed away 100 years ago on November 20, 1910, and his name is synonymous with the great Russian literature. But in Russia, Tolstoy's philosophy, with his call not to resort to violence and free interpretation of the gospel, is still openly discussed. In 1901, the Russian Orthodox Church expelled the author; On the eve of this centenary, the church refused to ask for a review.

In fact, it is unlikely that Tolsto was unhappy with it: the power of his talent gave him a unique opportunity to take his own path and celebrate life in all shows.

I get the physiological pleasure of reading a stereo, and the more I read it, the more fun I have. His words create the scent, the sound, the vibrations, the emotions and the emotions. They are more comprehensive than philosophical doctrines, and even more important than the author himself, whose words are ruthlessly exploited. Apparently, there was never such a "no-brainer" author in the literature who published letters that made us admire his power and fear for his honesty.

Tolsto's words seem to be disconnected from the author to convey the meaning of existence - sometimes surprising, the author himself in the process. Marcel Proust regarded Tolsto as the mastermind of his works, controlling their actions and ideas. If so, he is a generous master who excels because he gives freedom to his heroes and they will live to our memory. Natasha's first ball, Anakina's jump, Ivanovic's illness and death leave the reader intrigued and terrified to face the source of existence. At times, Tolstoy was born to violate literary law and ridiculed her claim to be a book of life.

Tolsto does not like to talk about literature, and does not like writers like Denton and Shakespeare. He did not consider himself a professional writer. He is the serial killer of literary fiction. The mind and body are so overwhelmed with unbridled passions that it is impossible to satisfy their needs.

He is a monster in his own behavior. He hates "progress" and "age of progress"; Welcomes women's freedom in a world of strict social conventions. He loved the common farmer, though he was a complete ruler in blood and habits. Lenin was unusual when he called Tolstoy "the mirror of the Russian Revolution."

I enjoy reading about Tollers' connection to his famous contemporaries, such misconceptions and betrayals. He hated Turgenev for his "democratic space" and loved the talkers. He tried to confront him by taking out six shotguns. He tells the story of the horrors of war in the Sevastopol story, but his personal character is equally eloquent, making his wife afraid of Sofia. His vegetarian business and farming became simultaneous ("A man reaches out and declares that he has fallen for food").

Andre Gede wrote in an article on Dostoevsky that Tolsto concealed the greatness of Dostoevsky. But over time it was considered among the wise that Dostovsky's mountain was higher than that of Tostis. Yes, Dostoyevsky has clear goals and clear actions. The veil is open and we see the ungodly existence leading to sin and evil. Crime becomes punishment. Instead, when Tolsto Ana Carina runs to the train, what is it? Her punishment? Big tragedy? The fate of the fallen woman? Dream stream of consciousness? No answer. To do this with Tolstoy's logic, you're talking to the police, not the author. Dubrovsky's life is short-lived. The idea of Tolsto was constantly squeezed out like a grenade that would explode and take the life of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky.

Tulsus' novel is from the small details of his diary. They grow out of social gossip, childhood interest, family legends. It flooded the garden, and there was a tree with fruit in the sky - delicious, spicy, bittersweet.

The most realistic literature in history - the realism of socialism - tried to reach Tolstoy. She hopes to mimic his style of turning the world around. But Tolstoy's definition is unmatched: writing like Tolstoy is incomparable.

Towards the end of his life, Tylis himself began to criticize excessive praise for "war and peace" and "Anna Carina" - this was the same as a great physicist's praise for his excellent Masarras dance. What about the big misconceptions about yourself and your creative nature? In the end, Pastor Thomas came against his talent. His theory of nonviolent resistance motivated Gandhi and discovered the eastern roots of Russian thought.

However, my beloved Leo Tustic is a hedonist, a constant movement. I love the blankets, the beards, the empty beards, and the hunt for the magic "green tree" in the woods, which is the key to all happiness. His last secret flight from home to Isabella Paula seemed like the height of madness. Looks like the time the author would run into the train.

I recently visited Iasnaia Poliana, about 100 km south of Moscow, and toured her museum home amidst the furniture and the aristocratic nest. I soon realized where “War and Peace” came from - it was a long and busy farmland, a samurai tea party in the fresh air.

Two provincial police officers were stationed at the gate of the property. Have you read the stereo? I asked. We answer at school, they answer.

Without the fat of life, life would be much better. His phrases, carved like the roots of a tree, his observations are as accurate as human tattoos, not to us but to future generations.

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About Leo Tolstoy

Leo (L) Tolstoy was born in Irina, Polo, Ana, his family on August 28, 1828, in the Russian province of Tata, the youngest of four sons. His mother passed away when he was two years old, and then his cousin Tatyana Ergolska claimed responsibility for the children. In 1837, Tolstoy's father passed away, and his aunt, Alexander Austin-Saxon, became the legal guardian of the children. Her religious commitment had a significant influence on Tolsto. When she died in 1840, the children were sent to Kazakhstan to the second sister of their father, Pelagia Yushkov.

Tolstoy studied at home with German and French teachers. He is not a good student, but he is good at playing games. In 1843 he enrolled at the University of Kazakhstan. At the time of his diplomatic career, he attended a language college. Taking these studies seriously, two years later he moved to law school. Tolstoy left the university in 1847 without a degree.

Tolsto returned to Irina Polina, who was determined to become a model farmer and "father" of his saplings (unpaid farm). His generosity failed because of his stupidity in dealing with peasants (the working class) and because he spent too much time communicating in Tuta and Moscow. At this time he began to make a truly honest record of the records he kept until his death. These records provided a great deal of material for his fiction, and in a true sense the collection is a long biography.

Army life and literary career

The eldest brother of Stotius visited him in 1848 at Irina Polina, when he was on leave from military service in Cocos. The lion loved his brother very much, and when he asked to join him in the south, Tolsto agreed. After a long journey, he reached the Caucasus, where he wanted to join the military as a drug addict or volunteer. Tolstoy's routine at the lone station included hunting, drinking, sleeping, harassing women, and the occasional fight. That's when he started writing. In 1852 he sent a sketch of his childhood to the leading journal of our time. Nikolai Nekrasov, his

Leo, Thomas Styles. The courtesy of the Library of Congress.
Leo, Thomas Styles.
To give from people
Library of Congress
.
Editorial, he was very pleased, and when it was published (under Tolstoy's original name) so were all Russians. Tolstoy then began writing vows to Cassius (graduated in 1862) about his life course.
From November 1854 to August 1855, Tolsto served in the ruined fort in S ស្តo Paulo, southern Ukraine. He proposed to move to the region, seeing one of the bloodiest battles of the Crimean War (1853-1956, when Russia fought the British and the French over land). When he led the fire out of the Fourth Fortress, a hotly contested area, Tola was able to write the Ether, the second part of his biological theory. He also wrote three stories in Sevastopol at this time, illustrating Tolstoy's peculiar vision of a place of unrest and heroism.

When the city fell, Tolsto was asked to study artillery during the last assault and notify authorities in Petersburg, Russia. His reception in the capital was a resounding success. Because of its name, it was accepted into the brightest society. Through his stories, he is understood to be the great cream of literary society

The golden years

In September 1862, Thomas Stevi married Sophia Anderson (or Bishop), a woman less than 16 years of age. The daughter of a prominent doctor in Moscow Bers is beautiful, intelligent, and as the years will show, will. The first decade of their marriage brought the greatest happiness to Tolstoy. Never before, or after his creative life, is it full or his personal life full. In June 1863, his wife gave birth to the first of 13 children.

The first series of "War and Peace" was published in 1865 (in Russian newspapers) as "1805". In 1868 three more chapters appeared, and in 1869 he completed the novel. His new novel has generated a great deal of popularity and critical reaction.

Tolstoy's war and peace represent a high point in world literary history, but it is also the culmination of Tolstoy's personal life. His character represents almost anyone he has ever met, including his relationships on both sides of the family. Bullets and battles, births and deaths, all of which are detailed. In this book, the most authentic expression is found in European practical novels, taking into account social structures, accurate descriptions, and psychological reflections.

From 1873 to 1877, Tortoise worked on his second work, Anna Karenina, which also generated interest after its publication. The last part of the novel was written during Russia's seemingly endless war with Turkey. The novel has some parts to do with events in the neighboring land, where an abandoned aristocratic princess throws herself under the train. Again, he presents a large biography, especially in scenes that illustrate the friendship and marriage of Katy and Levin. Tolstoy's family continued to grow, and royalties (income from sales) made him a wealthy man.

Spiritual crisis

The ethical research that began when Tollstock was young and tortured him at an early age now forced him to abandon everyone in search of the ultimate meaning in life. He first approached the Russian Orthodox Church after visiting the Voodoo-Desert Temple in 1877. But he couldn't find the answer.

In 1883, Tolsto met Wigcherov, a wealthy guard who soon became the catalyst in an attempt to create an alternative movement on behalf of Toll. Over the next few years, a new publication (moderator) was created, disseminating Tolstoy's words in tracts and pamphlets and fiction, and for good reading for the poor. In six years, nearly 20 million copies were distributed. Tolsto was long watched by secret police and in 1884 a copy of "What I Believe" was taken from the printer.

At this time, Tolstoy's relationship with his family became even more strained. The more the world sees, the worse it becomes for his wife. She wanted to give up her property, but she didn't. An unfortunate compromise was reached in 1884, when Tolstoy granted his wife the rights to all his works until 1881.

Tolsto's final years were filled with worldwide recognition and great misery as he was caught up in the conflict between his faith, his followers, and his family. It was dismissed (by the Holy Synod) in 1901. Without suffering at home, he went to the last pilgrimage (religious pilgrimage) in October 1910, accompanied by his youngest daughter Alexandra and his doctors. This journey was over, and he passed away on November 9, 1910, at the home of a small warehouse owner in Astur, Russia. He was buried in Jazana Pogna.

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Leo Tolstoy | True Leagand

Leo Tostes, a believer in the novel, is not a source of entertainment but a means of education, psychology, and reform. In his eyes, it is the highest environment in which we can get to know others, especially those who may appear outward, and thus expand our humanity and tolerance. He was born in 1828 in Iasnaia Poliana, a large family property about a hundred miles south of Moscow. It must be his life, both open and closed for life.

His parents died when he was little and he was raised by relatives. He failed at university. One teacher described him as "uneducated and reluctant to learn."

He spent many years gambling, drinking and chasing gypsies before taking over as artillery officer in the Crimean War. He married in his early thirties. His wife, Sophia, hailed from a highly cultivated culture and was only eighteen years old. They had 13 children, nine of whom survived the baby.

It was a difficult marriage. There is a lot of arguing about sex and resentment on both sides. The lion has grown a very long beard, has been a good fit and spent most of his training time. What he did there, he wrote very successful books, including War and Peace, Anna Karenina, and the Death of Ivy League.

Tolstoy did not believe in art for the sake of art. He is heavily invested in the belief that good art should make us less moral and judgmental and should supplement religion in terms of resource development and virtue. Tolstoy's main morals were often criticized by critics, and Art did not want to defile art, but in reality Tolsto was the most important and without any of his efforts. Can be properly appreciated without a single thought. Tolstoy's first major novel, War and Peace, was published in 1869 at the age of 41. In it we meet Natasha Rostov, a wonderful young lady, for free.

She was initially engaged to Andrev, a good and honest man who loved her dearly but at the same time was emotional and unique. When Andrev travels to Italy, Natasha encounters a mysterious man named Anatol and under his spell. She almost comforts her and convinces her to run away with him even though her family manages to stop her at the last minute. All shocked and angry Natasha. Such madness destroys her expectations and deeply affects her family. By world standards, NASA has failed miserably. If we hear any news about such a person, we can quickly conclude that she is beyond normal sympathy. She had a lot of it. She thought to herself, she got what she deserved. And Tolstoy's point of view is that if we understand what NASA knows on the inside of her mind, we cannot and will not withdraw compassion. However, she does not indulge in being dishonest or very respectful. She was just a sexually inexperienced young woman who felt abandoned by her busy boyfriend. She was a very lazy and warm character and easily took over her joy and happiness. She also wants to seduce other people, leading to problems with the fiction and the Anatolian plot. Tolsto keeps us on the side of Natasha, and in doing so, forces us to repeat the course in his view, the basis of moral life: If we see the inner life of another person more properly, they They will not show up in their normal lives. Cool and one-dimensional - and we treat them kindly as they really need and deserve. No one should be outside the circle of mercy and forgiveness. For Tolstoy, the novel's special task is to help us understand the so-called unrequited characters. One of the oldest characters in his fiction is the husband of Anna Annaina, the heroine of the author's novel of the same name, Karina, and the brutal, cruel. A tragic novel tells the story of Annie, who is married, adorable, intelligent, lively and happy, her life shattered when she falls in love with Winsky, a wonderful young general. Anna's husband counts Alexei Karenin, a low-minded, high-ranking official who is often angry with Anna and unable to respond to her emotional wishes. As Anna's relationship with Vansky grows, her husband's main concern is that it may lead to social gossip, which may affect his social status. There seems to be no sense of marriage at all. He came across as cold and ugly.

But then Anna gives birth to a beloved baby, falls ill, and in emotional turmoil, Karen is very emotional, screams to the baby, the mother and forgives Anna: 'No, you can't forgive me!' He felt a spiritual sensation that immediately gave him a new kind of happiness he had never known: The pleasure of loving and forgiving the enemy filled his heart. Baby Anna: He has unusual feelings for the newborn, not only pity but also tenderness. Initially sympathetic, he was fascinated by the delicious little creature ... Now he goes to kindergarten several times a day ... Sometimes he sits quietly for half an hour, staring at the wrinkled face of a sleeping baby Seeing the motion of the eyebrows in awe and his thick, small hands, his fingers rubbing his small eyes and nose. We see an entirely unexpected view of Tollow, his inner life is not what we expect from the outside, but Tolstoy points out that Karen is not a truly unusual character in any respect But this is just a mixture of evil and normal, this is not normal for people, not people who have a huge reserve of tenderness, etc. Q: They have very different character sizes and are more than what is forbidden. We were invited to take a similar journey regarding another trait of Tolstoy the hero of "The Death of Ivy League" (published in 1886). At the beginning of the novel, we meet John, the Supreme Court judge, at the height of a society that seems selfish, vain, and thoughtless. But one day, helping to hang the curtain, John falls off the stairs and senses internal pain, the first sign of a disease that is diagnosed as early to die. They will have only a few months to live. With his health, Eva spends much time sitting on the couch at home. His family, who know how uncomfortable their death is for their social and financial positions, are starting to get upset and his illness. He has a short back. But John had many epidemics. He looks back on his life and redeems the defenseless. He becomes equally sensitive to nature - and to the generosity of his servants, a humble, ignorant farmer. It is stupid to go crazy when everyone avoids paying attention to one important fact in life: Let us all die. He understands that our death must always be on our minds and must be motivated and kind. At the time of his death, Tylius imagined that he would finally feel the compassion and forgiveness of everyone around him. Much like his work, Tolstor details the vast philosophical and psychological drama that takes place in the hero's head. Those around him - the doctors and his family saw - he was a dark man who spent a lot of time on the wall, always saying, "Leave me alone," and who would sometimes moan, mourn, and once Further, we can see great observers, prophets, and men. Courage and kindness. Writing about John Tolstoy wants us to see his life as a representation of the potential of all people, if only we could stay awake until it is too late. ** When he was seventy, Tolayy thought of the author in a long article: What is art? This is one of his most important books. In it, Tolstoy shows that art has a great mission. Thanks to great art, he says, "Low feelings - less good and less needed for the good of humanity - are replaced by better feelings that serve us individually and collectively. That is the purpose of art. “Tolstoy, as a prominent and seductive writer, knows that novels are interesting, or that we not only try to read them, but he also believes they should try to do something else. Also, the pillar for our stumbling block. Maturity and kindness, and they can because they can get to where we need to be, but they rarely get in other people's lives. In art, what is art? Tolstere writes mostly about the works of other authors, but he does, in his own words, summarize great writers, indirectly and indirectly, that they should not help their readers waste their time.

Over the years, tensions have increased between Leo and his wife, Sofia. He complains that they have a "completely opposite idea of what it means to exist." He insists that even if Sofia is "more angry, more hateful and uncontrollable" he still loves her, though he admits he refuses to try to express his feelings. "There is no greater tragedy than a double bed tragedy," he wrote. At the age of 80, Tolsto was unable to accept him and left his wife and family. He fled in the middle of a cold November night in pneumonia and died at a nearby train station where a train was waiting for him. Tolstoy's funeral was a major public event. Thousands of people from all over Russia and the world. Figure 8 is appropriate because its central offering has a great impact on society. He realized that the image of our similarities to other people was an important driving force in economic and political relations. He expresses the perplexing idea that art can be an important means of gaining more authenticity and often good ideas about what is going on in the minds (and lives) of others. His body was taken home and buried in the garden under some of his favorite trees from childhood.

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Biography of Leo Tolstoy, Russian Writer

Leo Tolstoy (September 9, 1828 - November 20, 1910) was a Russian writer best known for his epic novels. Born into a Russian family, the aristocratic Tuloy wrote fictional and biographical novels before moving on to more moral and spiritual work.

Early life

Tolsto was born in an aristocratic family of Russian origin, a Russian legend. According to family history, they were able to trace their family tree to an elderly man named Indris, who left the Mediterranean region and arrived in Chernigov, Ukraine in 1353 with two sons and a neighborhood. With a population of about 3,000. Then his descendants, Moscow, were nicknamed "Thoisto", which means "fat", which inspired the name. Other historians trace the origin of the family in Lithuania in the 14th or 16th century, the founder Peter Tolstoy.

He was born on the property of the family and the fourth of five children was born in the count of Nicholas Thomas and his wife, Mary Tolstoy. Due to the conventions of the Russian noble title, Tollius also had the title "Count," though he was not his father's oldest son. His mother died when he was two and his father - when he was 9, so he and most of his siblings were raised by other relatives. In 1844, at the age of 16, he began studying law and language at the University of Kazakhstan, but apparently was a poor student and soon returned to his free time.

Tolsto had not been married for thirty years, and after the death of one of the brothers hit him hard. On September 23, 1862, he married Andreevna Bers (also named Sonia), who was just 18 years old at the time (16 years younger than him) and the daughter of a court physician. Between 1863 and 1888, the couple had 13 children. Eight survived, mostly. Marriage was reportedly happy and passionate at first, although Sonia was uncomfortable with her husband's bad past, but over time their relationship got worse.

Travel and military experience

Tolsto's journey from aristocrat to socially troubled writer created many experiences in his youth. It was about his military service and traveling around Europe. In 1851, accumulating a great deal of gambling debts, he went with his brother to join the army. During the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856, Tolsto was an artillery officer and served in Sevastopol during the famous 11-month siege between 1854 and 1855.

Despite being praised for his courage and promoted to lieutenant colonel, Tolstoy did not like his military service. The atrocities, atrocities, and severe loss of life in the war frightened him, and he left the army soon after the war. Together with a number of his compatriots, he visited Europe: one from 1857 and one from 1860 to 1861.

During his 1857 visit, Tolsto was in Paris when he saw the death penalty in public. The painful memory of this experience put something in him and created hatred and distrust of government in general. He concluded that there was no good government, only tools to exploit and corrupt his citizens, and he became a peaceful advocate. In fact, he wrote to Mahatma Gandhi about pragmatism and nonviolent theory.

The subsequent visits to Paris in 1860 and 1861 gave further effects to Stoូo, who would have come to fruition in some of his most famous works. Shortly after reading Virgo Hugo's epic novel, "Light Danger," Thomasston was introduced to Google himself. His war and peace were heavily influenced by Hugo, especially in his interpretation of war and military scenes. Similarly, a visit to the Anarchist Anarchy, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, gave an idea to the title of his novel, Stevie, and shaped his views on education. In 1862 he achieved these ideals by establishing 13 schools for Russian peasants following the emancipation of Alexander II's peasants. His school was among the first to adopt the ideals of democratic education - education that was supported and guided by democratic ideology but was briefly present due to the hostility of the royalist secret police.

He believed that his first true novel was Anna Carina, published in 1877. The novel follows two major plot lines that cross each other: an unhappy aristocratic woman punishes a cavalry officer and a wealthy landowner who awakens a philosopher and wants to improve the farmer's way of life. It addresses personal topics of morality and betrayal, as well as the larger social issues of social order change, the contrast between urban and rural life, and class divisions. Stylistically, it's at the intersection of realism and modernism.

The Brass of Radical Christianity (1878-1890)
Confession (1879)
Church and State (1882)
What I Believe (1884)
What should I do? (1886)
Death of Ivy Lee (1886)
About Life (1887)
Love for God and Neighbor (1889)
Cruiser Sonata (1889)
After Anna Karenrina Tylstry began to develop more of the moral and religious ideas in his earlier writings at the center of his future work. In fact, he criticized his previous works, including War and Peace, and Anna Karenina, for being unrealistic. Instead, he began to create a turbulent worldview of Christendom that rejected both violence and government.

From 1871 to 1874, Thoreso attempted to raise a hand in poetry by distinguishing himself from his works. He wrote a poem about his enlistment, combining it with some of the tales in Russian reading books, four short works focused on student audiences. At the end of the day, he dislikes and rejects poetry.

Two more books from that period were the novel "Death of Ivan Iich" (1886) and the nonfiction article What Must I Do? (1886) He continued to develop fanatical and religious views on Tollay, with strong criticism of the situation in Russian society. His confession (1880) and "What I Believe" (1884) affirmed their religious beliefs, their support for pacifism and nonviolence, and the choice of poverty and voluntary volunteering.

Political and Moral Author (1890-1910)
The Kingdom of God in You (1893)
Christianity and Patriotism (1894)
Church Fraud (1896)
Revival (1899)
What is religion and what is its essence? (1902)
The Law of Love and the Law on Violence (1908)
In later years, Tolstoy wrote almost exclusively his religious, political, and religious beliefs. He strongly expressed the belief that the best way of life is to strive for personal perfection by obeying the commandment to love God and to love your neighbor rather than the rules set by any church or government on earth. At the end of the day, his idea is that of Tollstone, a Christian anarchist group busy with the life and spread of Tylist's teachings.

In 1901, Tolstoy's radical views led to his expulsion from the Russian Orthodox Church, but he was unsuccessful. In 1899 he wrote his last novel, The Resurrection, which critiqued the churches and the people-led state and tried to justify them. His criticism spread to many foundations of society at the time, including private property and marriage. He hopes to continue to expand his teaching throughout Russia.

Over the last two decades of his life, Tolsto has mainly focused on essay writing. He continued to advocate his anarchist beliefs while warning against the brutal anarchists supported by many anarchists. One of his books, The Inside Kingdom, was an influence on Mahatma Gandhi's peaceful protest theory, and these two men wrote during that year between 1909 and 1910. Individuals should have the values they produce and society should be shared with the values that come from their own country.

Style and literary subject

In his early works, Tolstere was primarily concerned with depicting what he saw around him, especially at the intersection of the public and private sectors. War and Peace, for example, and Anna Karenna, both tell epic stories with serious philosophical support. War and Peace have spent a good deal of time criticizing this, claiming that this is a smaller event, not a major one and that the hero is known. At the same time, Anna Karenina focuses on personal topics such as betrayal, greed, and jealousy as well as focusing on the structures of Russian society, both at the higher levels of the nobility and among the peasants.

Subsequently, Tolstoy's writings became religious, moral, and political. He has written extensively about his theories of pacifism and anarchism, in relation to his individual interpretations of Christianity. Tolstoy's essays of his later years are no longer novels with intellectual subjects, but are direct texts, tracts, and other popular works. Asceticism and the work of inner perfection is one that Tolsto advocated in his works.

However, Tolsto was involved in politics, or at least publicly expressed his views on major issues and conflicts today. He wrote in support of boxers during the boxing insurgency in China, condemning the violence of Russian, American, German and Japanese troops. He wrote of the Revolution, but regarded it as an internal battle in which it should be fought in the soul of the individual, not the violent overthrow of the state.

Tolstoy wrote in various styles throughout his life. His most famous novels have a wide interpretation somewhere between realistic and modern, as well as a specific style of continuous penetration from the miniature, which is detailed but very specific to the character’s specificity. Later, as he transitioned from fiction to non-fiction, his language became more moral and philosophical.

Death

At the end of his life, Tulsor reached a turning point in his faith, his family, and his health. He finally decided to part ways with his wife, Sonia, who was strongly opposed to many ideas and was jealous of the attention he paid to his followers for her sake. To escape the slightest conflict, he secretly backed away, leaving the house in the middle of the night in the cold winter.

His health deteriorated, and he gave up the luxury of his aristocratic lifestyle. After spending a day traveling by train to his destination somewhere in the south, he collapsed due to pneumonia at the Ashopo train station. Despite calling his own doctor, he died the same day, November 20, 1910, when his funeral procession was on the way, the police tried to restrict access but did not prevent it. Thousands of villagers from the streets set up, though some were there due to the dedication of Tylist. But only curiosity about the nobility passed away.

Inheritance

In many ways, Tylie's legacy cannot be overstated. His moral and philosophical writings inspire Gandhi, meaning that the influence of Tolstoy can be traced in the modern movement of nonviolent struggle. War and peace have been the main sources of countless bestselling novels ever written, and literary creations have been highly regarded since its publication.

Tolsto's own life, of its origin, of the nobility, and of the possible denial of privileged existence, continued to draw attention to readers and biographers, and the man himself was equally known for his works. Some of his descendants left Russia in the early 20th century, and many continue to name their chosen profession today. Tolstoy left a rich legacy of heroic literature, captivating characters, and a moral conscience, making him a colorful and unusual writer for many years.

writer

Leo Tolstoy

RUSSIAN WRITER

Lolotolotho, also written by Tolsto, a Russian-born Levinolovic, counts (counting) Tostis (born August 28 [September 9, New Style], 1828, Isanopolina, province) Tala, Russian Empire - passed away on November 7 [November 20]. 1910, Astapovo, Riazan Province) Russian author, real world novelist and one of the world's greatest novelists.

Tolsto is known for his two longest-running publications, "War and Peace" (1865-69) and Ana Carina (1875-77), which are generally considered the best novels. One that never happened. War and Peace seem to define this form for many readers and critics. Among the best-known examples of Tolstoy, the death of Ivan Ilich (1886) is usually considered the best example of a novel. Especially in the last three decades, Tolsto has gained worldwide recognition as a moral and religious teacher. His doctrine of nonviolence has a significant effect on Gandhi. Although Thomas Stoyle's religious ideas do not show respect for his interests, interests, life, and personality, nothing else has developed over the years.

Most readers would agree with the assessment of 19th-century English poet and 19th-century critic Matthew Arnold that Tolstoy's novels are not works of art but works of art. Russian author Isaac Babel commented that if the world could write on its own, it would be written like Tylist. Critics of the different schools agreed that Tyler's work turned away from all fiction. He emphasized his ability to observe the slightest changes in consciousness and to record the slightest movement of the body. What another novelist describes as a single conscious action, Tylisto collapses in unprecedented steps. According to British author Virginia Woolf, who regarded Tolsto as "the greatest of all novelists." These observational forces have caused some fear in readers who "want to escape the Greeks, turn us on." One who visited Tostius, an old man, also reported feeling uneasy when he seemed to understand their incredible thoughts. It is customary to describe him as divine in power and Titanic in his struggle to escape the limits of the human condition. Some considered Tuttle the embodiment of pure nature and vigor, others regarded him as the embodiment of world consciousness, but for almost everyone who knew him or read his works, he was not only a great writer. A wonderful person who once lived but symbolized the search for the meaning of life

The first year

Tolsto, an aristocratic nobleman, was born on a family land about 130 miles south of Moscow, where he spent most of his time writing his most important works. His mother, Mary Nikolaevna, niece of Princess Volkonska, passed away two years ago and was preceded in 1837 by Nikolay Ilyich's father, Earl (Tolstoy). Grandmother died 11 months later, and then her aunt, who was aunt in 1841, Tosto and four siblings, were transferred to care for another aunt in western Kazakhstan. Tolstoy described his cousin, who lived in Iasnaia Poliana, Tatyana Alexandrovna Iergolsk ("Mittleton" as he called her), as the greatest influence on his childhood and later on as a young man, Tolstoy. Wrote some of his most influential letters. Despite the constant presence of death, Tollie remembers his childhood in an unusual perspective. His first published work, Childhood (1852; Childhood), was his first fiction and memoir.

Educated at Home by a Teacher, Thomas Stoyer enrolled at the University of Kazakhstan in 1844 as a student of the Oriental language. Shortly thereafter, a bad experience forced him to move to a less demanding law school, where he wrote a comparison of French political philosopher Monteschuch, "spirit of the law" and great Catherine's order (introduction of the law). . Interested in literature and ethics, he turned to the works of English novelists Lavrence Stern and Charles Dickens, and in particular the work of the French philosopher Jean-Jackson Roosevelt. He wears a medallion with a statue of Roosevelt on the cross. But he spends most of his time trying to respect (socially), drink, gamble, and commit fornication. Leaving the university in 1847 without a diploma, Thomas Storrs returned to Irina Poliana, where he planned to educate himself, manage his property, and improve the property of Serra. Despite frequent decrees to change course, he died during his stay in Tula, Moscow and St. Louis. In 1851 he joined the older brother Nico, an army officer in Cocos, and then joined the army. He participated in campaigns against the local population and soon in the Crimean War (1853-56).

In 1847 Tolstoy began to save diaries, which became his laboratory for self-experimentation and later for his inventions. With some annoyance, Troy kept a diary throughout his life, and so he was one of the most humble, living writers of the book. Looking back on the life he led, his diary began with the belief that he could have contracted an STI. The diary captures the enthusiasm for law-making, while Tulser rules for various aspects of social and moral behavior. They also record the author's repeated disregard for these laws, his attempts to create new rules, which should honor the old and forgive himself often. Tolstoy's later belief that a complicated and messy life, never obeying the law or the philosophical system, could result from these futile attempts at self-control.

Initial publication

Hiding his identity, Tolsto sent "Childhood" for publication in a well-known journal, edited by "contemporary" poet Nikola Nekrasov. Nekrasov was caught and the nickname was widely praised. Over the next few years, Tolstoy published a series of short stories based on his experience in Cocos, including Riz (1853; Reed) and his three sketches on the siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War: " Sevastopol v against December in December ")," Sevastopol v May "(" Sevastopol in May ") and" Sevastopol v. August 1855 "(" Sevastopol in August "), both published The first con 1855-56) layout discuss the bravery bravely won praise from the King. As a guide, the story illustrates Tolstoy's great interest and his lifelong concern for observing the good manners of others, and a second sketch related to the soldier's mind. This first) before being killed by a bomb. He claims that is not a real epic

The hero of my story - who I love with the power of my soul ... who is and always is beautiful - is real.

Since then, readers have noted Tolstoy's ability to produce "absolute language," which generally destroys aesthetic fiction.

After the Crimean War, Tolsto retired from the military and was first approved by the literary world in St. Petersburg. But the futility, dizziness, refusal to attend any intellectual camp, and his insistence on full independence made him an enemy to radical intelligence. He must remain a "monk" throughout his life, contrary to common intellectual tendencies. 1857 Tolsto went to Paris and returned after making some money on his own.

When he returned to Russia, he decided that his pedagogy was the right call for him, so he set up a school for peasant children at his property. After traveling to Western Europe to study theory, pedagogy and practice, he published 12 books of Iasna Poliana (1862-63), including his provocative article, "Progress and Definition of Education." ("Progress and the definition of education"), which historically has all the basic rules and "Who taught you to write the farmer's son with us?" Or with us in the bonus the farmers? " ("Who should learn to write to: We are farmers' children, or are we farmers?"), Which returns a simple answer to a question. Tolsto married Andreievni Bersi, the daughter of a prominent physician in Moscow in 1862, and soon transferred all his energy to marriage and to the composition of war and peace. Tolstoy and his wife had 13 children, 10 of whom survived the baby.

Tolstoy's works in the late 1850s and early 1860s experimented with new forms to illustrate his moral and philosophical problems. He soon added to his childhood (1854; slavery) and youth (1857; youth). Many of the stories revolve around a semi-autobiographical character, Dimitri Cook, who later appears as the hero of the Tolstoy novel. At Lucerne (1857; Lucerne), Tolsto first uses a diary to report an incident, then reflects its eternal significance and finally reflects his own thought process. All three deaths (1859, three deaths) describe the death of an aristocratic woman who could not face the fact that she was dying, a farmer who accepted death and, finally, a tree whose end was contrary to human causes. Soc. Only the author's conscious conscience includes these three events.

Holstomer (written in 1863; revised and published in 1886; Holstomer: A Horse Story) is known for using its beloved Thomas 'defamation instrument' - a description of general social practice. The stupid viewer who doesn't know them. . Readers are shocked to learn that Holstomer's main character and storyteller is an old horse. Like many of Tolsto's early works, the story revolves around the art and conditions of human society, a subject that dominates Thoracus (1863; Cissard). The hero of this piece, the melting pot and the atheist Diemory Olympian, was registered as a cadre for services in the Caucasus. Living among the Cossacks, he appreciates the value of life, which increasingly cares about natural and biological rhythms. In the center of the novel, Olinlin, while hunting in the wild, feels that every living thing, even the mosquitoes, is "as different as the dolphin." Recognizing the futility of his past life, he decides to live fully for others.

A great novel (1863-77)

After he happily married and met his wife and family in Iasnaia Poliana, Tolstoy reached the pinnacle of his creative power. He spent the rest of the 1860s writing war and peace. Then, after a break during which he considered writing a novel about Peter the Great and returning to pedagogy (bringing a book widely used for reading in literature), Tolsto wrote the novel His second great was Anna Carina. These two sections share a vision of human experience based on an appreciation of everyday life and human virtue.

War and Peace

War and Peace (1865-69; War and Peace) consists of three types of material: a historical account of the Napoleonic Wars, a biography of fictional characters, and a set of articles related to the philosophy of history. Critics from the 1860s to this day wonder how the three works fit together. With many accusing Tolstoy, including short stories, readers continue to respond to them with undeniable enthusiasm.

The historical piece talks about the 1805 campaign that led to Napoleon's success at the Battle of Aleit, the period of Napoleon's peace and invasion of Russia in 1812. As a scribe, I watch how historians describe him and the Russian general, Mikhail Kutuzov (who is despised) as an old man who understands the limits. Human will and plan. What is special is the battle scene of the novel, which portrays the battlefield as a complete chaos. Generals can imagine that they can "predict all random situations," but the battle is the result of "hundreds of millions of different opportunities" resolved by unforeseen circumstances. In war, as in life, no system or model can come close to being accountable for the endless complexity of human behavior.

Among the fictional characters of the book, the reader’s interest is directed first and foremost to Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, a proud man who despises everything false, small or simple. Recognizing the fabrication of high society, he joins the military for the prosperity he considers important. Injured at Agelith's, he found that Napoleon's fame was less expensive than that of the shop in St. Louis. As the novel progresses, Prince Andrev repeatedly shows the emptiness of the action he has devoted himself to. Tolstoy's description of his death in 1812 is usually considered one of the most effective scenes in Russian literature.

Another hero of the novel is Pierre Bizovov, a violent and honest man, wandering between believing in a philosophical system that promises to solve all problems, and total reliance puts him in despair. Finally, he reveals Tolsto's truth that wisdom should be sought not in the system but in the normal course of everyday life, especially in marriage to the novel's most prominent hero, Natasha. When the book stops - in fact, it doesn't end - it just ends - Pierre seems to have forgotten this lesson by adopting a new plan.

According to Tolstoy's opinion, that what is extravagant, daily pursuit of life, good or bad, a wise character does not really have her intellect but a simple and decent soldier, Natasha's brother and a woman Sadly, her sister Aniriyama. Their marriage symbolizes the central value of the novel.

The articles on war and peace, beginning in the second half of the book, illustrate attempts to establish common historical law and reject the absurd assumptions supported by all historical texts. From Tulker's point of view, history, such as combat, is a product of directionless and unanswered emergencies. The causes of historical events are diverse, unrelenting, and unrecognized, so this will faithfully quote historical writings that claim to explain the past. The form of historical narrative does not reflect the actual course of events, but is basically a literary criterion established by previous historical narratives.

According to Tolstoy's article, historians also make many closely related mistakes. They suggest that history is shaped by the plans and ideas of great people - whether they are generals or political or intellectual leaders like themselves, and its destiny is determined by the great moments that lead to big decisions. In fact, history is the sum of an infinite number of small decisions made by ordinary people whose actions are too unremarkable to be documented. As Tolsto explains, to assume that a major event creates history is to infer from the perspective of a distant region that only the top of the tree is visible, the area being nothing but a tree. Therefore, Tylstoy's novel offers readers countless examples of how each case has little impact - one of the reasons why war and peace have long lingered. Tolstoy's belief in the effectiveness of the simplicity and vanity of building a system puts him in opposition to his contemporaries. This is still one of the most controversial aspects of his philosophy.

Anna Karenina

At Anna Karenina (1875-77), Tollowo applied these ideas to family life. The first sentence of the novel, which shows his concern for the natives, is probably the most famous: every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. “Anna Karenina includes the story of three families: Olivia, Carina, and Levina.

The novel begins in Olonsky, where many of Dorothy's wives reveal the unfaithfulness of her husband and Siberia resident Steve. In her kindness, family focus and everyday life, Dolly plays the moral compass of the novel. Instead, though he does not want to get sick, Steve uses his family's neglect resources and takes pleasure in life's goals. Steve's figures may be intended to show that evil is no less than good, ultimately resulting from the small moral choices that humans make immediately.

On a positive note, Tolstoy's Christianity emphasizes five principles in recent decades: Don't be angry, don't swear, don't fight evil, and love your enemy. Not to combat evil, doctrines that inspire Gandhi do not mean that evil should be accepted, only bad meaning, especially violence, cannot be opposed. So Toldley became a pacifist. While governments rely on the threat of violence to enforce their laws, Tolstoy also becomes an anarchist type. He urged his followers not only to refuse military service, but also to vote or to go to court. Therefore, he is subject to a great deal of internal conflict when it comes time to do his will, or use copyrighted material, even for good works. It can be said that Tolstere was well aware that he had failed to follow his teaching.

Tolstoy based his work on oaths (including promises) on an idea adapted to his previous work: the inability to know the future, and therefore the danger of prior involvement. The agreement against lust eventually forced him to offer (in his preface to Sorrentz Sonata (1891; Kraserz Sonata), a dark novel about the man who murdered his wife), the full restraint of supremacy. Mindfulness. His wife, worried about their strained relationship, refused. Defending his most radical ideas, Tolsto likened Christianity to a lamp that could not be changed but carried it with people. It illuminates all new moral realms and demonstrates greater ideals as humanity progresses spiritually.

Fiction after 1880

Tolstoy's fiction after Anna Karenina can be divided into two groups. He wrote a number of moral stories for the common people, including "Where's the Lubb and God" (written in 1885, "Where's the Love of God"), and "Charlie Dizzie" (written in 1882, "The Living People"). ”) And how many people are needed on earth? Some of the works were successful, especially the death of Ivan Ilich (written in 1886, Ivan's death). And Ilich), a novel that describes a man’s gradual realization that he is dead and spends his brief time with his father. Sergius, who was considered a great man, knew that his reputation was not fundamentally protected from slumber, escaped the anonymous search of a simple and decent woman he had known as a child. She finally realizes that it is not him, but that she is a saint who, through imitation, cannot accept that true saints are ordinary people without knowing their goodness. Consequently, this seems to critique the ideas that Tylstoy expressed after he moved from the perspective of his previous great novels.

In 1899, Tolstoy published his third novel, The Revival. He used the royalties to pay for the transportation of the persecuted religious-Duk Baba to Canada. The hero of the novel, the ruthless aristocrat, Dmitry Nehlyudov, is in the jury where he knows the prostitute accused, Katyusha Maslov, of a woman he has seduced, thus committing her crime. After being jailed in Siberia, he decided to accompany her and if she agreed to marry her. In one of the most obvious novel exchanges, she accuses him of his hypocrisy: You used to enjoy me, and now you want to save me, she tells him. She refuses to marry him, but when the novel ends, Nekhliudov gains spiritual awakening when he finally realizes Tolstoy's truth, especially the vanity of judging others. The most famous parts of the novel offend the Church and justice, but the work is generally thought to be inferior to war and peace to the Anacondians.

Tolstoy's move prompted him to write several tracts and articles related to the arts. At times, he appeared in more extreme forms than the ideas he always adhered to (i.e. his reluctance to fashion school), but at times he supported ideas that were not compatible with his novels, which he rejected. What is ART? (1898; What is art?) He argues that true art requires a sensitive evaluation of a particular experience, a specific emotion that is expressed to the reader, not by suggestion but by "contamination." According to Troy, the most famous works of high art come not from practical experience, but from understandable heritage of existing art. So they are fake works that are not art. Tolstoy then divided the true art into good and bad, based on the moral sensitivity with which the work affected his audience. Judging the most famous works, including William Shakespeare's plays, as well as his great novels, no matter how bad or bad, Tolstoy praised Joseph's biblical history, and among the works of Russia - House of the Dead by Fedor Dostoyevsky (1861-62). ) And some stories by his young friend Anton Chekhov. However, he is a favorite of the banjo films and has been told by famous Czechs that his performance is worse than Shakespeare's.

Tolstoy's later works include plays, plays, "Living Corpse" (written in 1900, "The Living Corpse"), and the tumultuous account of farmer's life: The Power of Darkness (written in 1886, The Power of Darkness). Dark). After his death, a number of unpublished works appeared, including the novel Haji-Murat (1904; Haji-Murad), one of the great Caucasus stories recounted in Tolstoy's classic fiction. .

In recent years

With the exception of his daughter Alexandra, whom he succeeded, Tolstoy's family remained devoted or hated by his students. His wife was furious at the constant presence of VG-led students. Chertkova in Iasnaia Poliana. Their happy life has turned into one of the most famous bad marriages in the history of literature. The story of his idiosyncrasy and fanaticism to the scene caused many biographers' excitement in one direction or another. Since they both keep a diary and actually change and comment on each other's logs, their quarrels are almost always recorded.

Concerned about his life situation and the contradiction between his life and his principles in 1910, Tolsto finally escaped the anonymity of Isan Napolein, accompanied by Alexander and his doctors. Despite the closure and the desire for privacy, the international press was able to promote their movement soon. He suffered from pneumonia for several days and died of heart failure at Astapov train station.

Inheritance

Unlike other psychotherapists such as Dostovsky, who specializes in unconscious processes, Tolvie describes conscious mental life with incomparable skills. His name has become synonymous with assessing emergencies and the value of everyday activities. Alternating between the wonder and the difference in confidence, Tolstoy explores different approaches to human experience. Initially, his greatest works were War and Peace, and Anna Karenna was seen as the pinnacle of real fiction.

writer

About Leo Tolstoy Life and career

The writer of Leviatol Stevier wrote the bestselling novels, War and Peace, Anakarna and the Death of Ivan Ilich, and one of the world's leading speech writers.
Who is Leo Thetesto?
In the 1860s, author Leviticus wrote his first novel, War and Peace. In 1873, Houston began working on his second best known novel, Anna Carina. He continued to write fiction throughout the 1880s and 1890s. One of his most successful works was the death of Eva Ilich.